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Implement logic for custom business object (S4/HANA Cloud, ABAP Extensibility)

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Implement logic for custom business object (S4/HANA Cloud, ABAP Extensibility)
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Implement logic for custom business object (S4/HANA Cloud, ABAP Extensibility)

Ulrike Liebherr

09/03/2018

Beginner
20 min.
ABAP Extensibility, SAP S/4HANA, Tutorial, Cloud, Beginner
Implement custom business object logic to control your application

You will learn

In the preceding tutorial you created a custom business object, its simple data structure, persistence and application UI.
Data could only be provided by the UI. Now you’ll implement logic to set some data from the backend only and to check all data of an instance.
You will also learn how to ease development and test already while doing it.

At the end your application will set some data automatically and reject a save with an error message for the causing inconsistencies.

Example
A several tutorials spanning example will show extensibility along custom Bonus Management applications.

In the first parts a Manager wants to define business objects “Bonus Plan” for employees. A Bonus Plan is there to save employee specific rules for bonus entitlement.

Step 1: Make key field Read-Only

As there was no backend implementation to set the mandatory key field ID so far, we were forced to set it from the UI to be able to save instances.
Now, as we will implement the logic to set the ID in backend and nowhere else, we will set that key field to Read-Only for the UI.

  1. Open the business object Bonus Plan in Custom Business Objects application
  2. Start Edit Mode by executing the Edit Draft action.
  3. Go to Fields and Logic.
  4. Check the Read-Only box for key field ID.
    Check Read-Only box
  5. Go back via the application’s Back button.
    Fiori Application’s Back Button
Step 2: Enable logic implementation
  1. Still editing the custom business object Bonus Plan’s definition, Check the box for Determination and Validation
    Check Determination and Validation box
  2. Publish the business object definition.

Now you are enabled to implement determination logic which is called after each modification to a Bonus Plan instance from the UI, as well as validation logic which is called before each save of an instance.

Step 3: Start logic implementation

For published Custom Business Objects without a Draft version you can implement logic.

  1. Go to Fields and Logic
    Go to Fields and Logic
  2. Enter the After Modification Event Logic which is a Determination Logic.
    Enter After Modification logic
  3. In the logic view you initially see the not editable empty published version.
    Click the Create Draft action.
    Create Draft of logic implementation
    An editable copy of the published version appears left to it. With the Draft Version and Published Version actions you can decide what coding to see.
    View Draft and/or Published Version of logic
Step 4: Implement After Modification: fix values
View Full Instructions

Implement After Modification event with following fix value functionality:

  • Set the key field ID if still initial.

    Hint: Changing Parameter bonusplan enables you to read current node data and change it.
    Hint: You can read existing Bonus Plan data via the CDS View that is named as the Business Object’s Identifier (here: YY1_BONUSPLAN).
    Hint: With the key combination CTRL + Space you can access the very helpful code completion.

Code Completion 
* set ID
IF bonusplan-id IS INITIAL.
   SELECT MAX( id ) FROM yy1_bonusplan INTO @DATA(current_max_id).
   bonusplan-id = current_max_id + 1.
ENDIF.
  • Set the Unit of Measure for the Bonus Percentages to P1 which is the code for % (percent)
* set percentage unit
bonusplan-lowbonuspercentage_u = bonusplan-highbonuspercentage_u = 'P1'.

  • Determine and set the Employee Name from the Employee ID

    Hint: Extensibility offers Helper class CL_ABAP_CONTEXT_INFO with method GET_USER_FORMATTED_NAME that needs a user ID to return its formatted name

* set Employee Name
IF bonusplan-employeeid IS NOT INITIAL.
   bonusplan-employeename = cl_abap_context_info=>get_user_formatted_name( bonusplan-employeeid ).
ENDIF.
Step 5: Implement After Modification: consistency check
View Full Instructions

In dependence on following checks, set the isconsistent property.

  • Check that ValidityStartDate and ValidityEndDate are set and that ValidityStartDate is earlier in time than ValidityEndDate.
  • Check that Factors and Percentages are set correctly (all > 0, Percentages < 100, LowBonusAssignmentFactor < HighBonusAssignmentFactor)
  • Check that Employee ID is set
* consistency check START
IF bonusplan-validitystartdate IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-validityenddate IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-validitystartdate GE bonusplan-validityenddate
 OR bonusplan-lowbonusassignmentfactor IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-highbonusassignmentfactor IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-lowbonuspercentage_v IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-highbonuspercentage_v IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-lowbonuspercentage_v GE 100
 OR bonusplan-highbonuspercentage_v GE 100
 OR bonusplan-lowbonusassignmentfactor GE bonusplan-highbonusassignmentfactor
 OR bonusplan-employeeid IS INITIAL.
    bonusplan-isconsistent = abap_false.
ELSE.
    bonusplan-isconsistent = abap_true.
ENDIF.
* consistency check END
Step 6: Test the logic during development

On top of the coding you can maintain runtime data for the current node structure which represents the data before running the test functionality. This data can also be saved as variant for later usages.

  1. Click the value help to add test data
    Add Test Data

  2. Enter following data

Field Name Field Value
validitystartdate 2017-01-01
validityenddate 2017-12-31
targetamount_v 1000
targetamount_c EUR
lowbonusassignmentfactor 1
highbonusassignmentfactor 3
lowbonuspercentage_v 10
highbonuspercentage_v 20
employeeid <any>

employeeid <any> shall be the one of a sales person that created sales orders with a Net Amount of more than 3000.00 EUR in 2016 and that are completed.

This will look as follows.
Maintain Test Data

  1. Execute the Test action and you can see the node data after your logic was executed.
    Execute Test
    You can see that your logic works as id, *percentage_u fields and employename are filled and isconsistent is ‘X’.
Step 7: Implement Before Save
View Full Instructions
  1. Implement Before Save event with following functionality

  • If the bonus plan is consistent, it can be continued to save, if not save shall be rejected. In case of save no further processing is needed and logic can be left.

    Hint: Exporting parameter valid must be set to true for save and to false for save rejection

* decide about save rejection
IF bonusplan-isconsistent EQ abap_true.
    valid = abap_true.
    RETURN.
ELSE.
    valid = abap_false.
ENDIF.
  • If the bonus plan is not consistent, write the first found error into the message and end the logic processing.
    These are the possible errors in detail:
    • ValidityStartDate and ValidityEndDate must be set
    • ValidityStartDate must be earlier in time than ValidityEndDate
    • Factors and Percentages must be > 0
    • Percentages must be < 100
    • LowBonusAssignmentFactor must be < HighBonusAssignmentFactor
    • Employee ID must be set
* consistency error message START
IF bonusplan-validitystartdate IS INITIAL OR bonusplan-validityenddate IS INITIAL.
    message = 'Validity Period must not be empty.'.
    RETURN.
ELSEIF bonusplan-validitystartdate GE bonusplan-validityenddate.
    CONCATENATE 'Validity End Date' bonusplan-validityenddate 'must be later than Validity Start Date' bonusplan-validitystartdate '!' INTO message SEPARATED BY space.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.

IF bonusplan-targetamount_v IS INITIAL.
    message = 'Target Amount must be over 0!'.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.

IF bonusplan-targetamount_c IS INITIAL.
    message = 'Target Amount Currency must be set!'.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.

IF bonusplan-lowbonusassignmentfactor IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-highbonusassignmentfactor IS INITIAL.
    message = 'Assignment Factors must be over 0!'.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.

IF bonusplan-lowbonuspercentage_v IS INITIAL
 OR bonusplan-highbonuspercentage_v IS INITIAL.
    message = 'Percentages must be over 0!'.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.

IF bonusplan-lowbonuspercentage_v GE 100
 OR bonusplan-highbonuspercentage_v GE 100.
    message = 'Percentage must be below 100!'.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.

IF bonusplan-lowbonusassignmentfactor GE bonusplan-highbonusassignmentfactor.
    message = 'Low Bonus Factor must be smaller than High Bonus Factor!'.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.

IF bonusplan-employeeid IS INITIAL.
    message = 'Employee ID must be set!'.
    RETURN.
ENDIF.
* consistency error message  END

2. Publish the Before Save Logic

Step 8: Test via the UI

Once ensured that both logic implementations were successfully published you can start testing the Application like an end user via the UI.

  1. Open the Bonus Plan application
  2. Open the Bonus Plan with ID 1
  3. Edit this Bonus Plan
  4. Enter value 10 into field Low Bonus Percentage
  5. Save the Bonus plan. You can see that your business logic works as the Percentage Units and the Employee Name get filled, but save fails due to the validation error messages for missing percentages.
  6. Enter value 20 into field High Bonus Percentage
  7. Save the Bonus Plan. Now it will not be rejected.

Next Steps

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