Create and Run Unit Tests for a Fiori App

1. In the Project Explorer, open the package and choose New > ABAP Class from the context menu.

2. Enter the following:

   • Name: ZTC_TRAVEL_000
   • Description: Test class for Travel ZI_TRAVEL_M_000 (which you created previously)

3. Choose the transport request you just created, then choose Finish.

1. Choose the Test Classes tab.

2. Enter Test, then choose Auto-complete (Ctrl + Space), then choose testClass... > Shift+Enter.

   

   The editor adds the template for the local test class.

3. Change the name of the local test class to ltcl_travel.

4. Delete the default method first_test.
   It contains the following code.

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   method first_test.
     cl_abap_unit_assert=>fail( 'Implement your first test here' ).
   endmethod.
   
   

Before you start writing the test, set up mock-up data: In the Private Section, add the following code.
 

The static attribute cds_test_environment of type CDS Test Environment provides the methods and types you need for testing. Later, you will create an instance of this test environment. The attributes travel, accepted_travel and so on are key.
 

After that, you will fill them with (valid or invalid) values so that they provide expected values to run the test assertions against.

```ABAP
CLASS-DATA: cds_test_environment TYPE REF TO if_cds_test_environment,
            begin_date           TYPE /dmo/begin_date,
            end_date             TYPE /dmo/end_date.

CLASS-DATA: agency                 TYPE /dmo/agency,
            customer               TYPE /dmo/customer,
            carrier                TYPE /dmo/carrier,
            flight                 TYPE /dmo/flight,
            supplement             TYPE /dmo/supplement,
            travel                 TYPE zi_travel_m_000,
            accepted_travel        TYPE zi_travel_m_000,
            rejected_travel        TYPE zi_travel_m_000,
            read_travel            TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ztravel_000,
            travel_w_invalid_dates TYPE zi_travel_m_000.

```

1. Similarly, define mock-up methods: Still in the Private Section, define the methods class_setup and class_teardown for the class; and setup and teardown for the methods. Ignore the error for now.

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   CLASS-METHODS :
     class_setup,
     class_teardown.
   
   METHODS:
     setup,
     teardown.
   
   

2. Add the method implementations: Select any one of the three methods, then choose Quick Assist (Ctrl + 1).

   

3. Format, save, and activate ( Ctrl + Shift + F1, Ctrl + S, Ctrl + F3 ). The error disappears.

Copy the following code into the method implementation for the method class_setup.

The code:

• Implements the method class_setup: Get valid mock data from existing entities and add it to each structure.

• Then creates the mock-up environment for the entity ZI_TRAVEL_M_000. When the method is executed, all the test doubles are created in the database and are available for inserting test data.

begin_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 10.
end_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30.

"Get a single agency info to be used in the test data
SELECT SINGLE * FROM /dmo/agency INTO @agency ##WARN_OK.  " Select any valid agency

"Get a single customer info to be used in the test data
SELECT SINGLE * FROM /dmo/customer INTO @customer ##WARN_OK.  " Select any valid customer

"Get a single airline info to be used in the test data
SELECT SINGLE * FROM /dmo/carrier INTO @carrier ##WARN_OK.  " Select any valid agency

" IMPORTANT:**************************************************************
" Specify which CDS entity will be tested
" ************************************************************************
cds_test_environment = cl_cds_test_environment=>create_for_multiple_cds(
                      i_for_entities = VALUE #(
                         ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_TRAVEL_M_000'
                         i_select_base_dependencies = abap_true ) ) ).
ENDMETHOD.

Implement the setup method; add some values to the structures you created earlier.

```ABAP
" clear the content of the test double before each test
" fill entities, against which your entity ZI_TRAVEL_M_000 will be tested
travel =  VALUE #( travel_id = '101' agency_id = agency-agency_id customer_id = customer-customer_id
                    begin_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 10
                    end_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
                    booking_fee    = '20'
                    currency_code  = 'EUR'
                    description = 'Travel 1'
                    overall_status = 'O' ).

 accepted_travel =  VALUE #(
                    agency_id = agency-agency_id customer_id = customer-customer_id
                    begin_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 10
                    end_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
                    booking_fee    = '20'
                    currency_code  = 'EUR'
                    description = 'Travel 1'
                    overall_status = 'A' ). " travel status is accepted

 rejected_travel =  VALUE #(
                            agency_id = '1111' customer_id = customer-customer_id
                            begin_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 10
                            end_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
                            booking_fee    = '20'

                            currency_code  = 'EUR'
                            description = 'Travel 1'
                            overall_status = 'X' ). " travel status is rejected

 travel_w_invalid_dates =  VALUE #(
                                   agency_id = agency-agency_id customer_id = customer-customer_id
                                   begin_date = end_date  "" begin_date > end_date
                                   end_date = begin_date
                                   booking_fee    = '20'
                                   currency_code  = 'EUR'
                                   description = 'Travel 2'
                                   overall_status = 'O' ).
```

1. Add the following code to the class_teardown method.

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     cds_test_environment->destroy(  ).
   
   

2. Add the following code to the teardown method.

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     cds_test_environment->clear_doubles(  ).
     ROLLBACK ENTITIES.
   
   

class_teardown destroys the test environment & doubles created as part of test class.

teardown Clears the data in the test doubles for a given method, before the next method is executed.

1. In the class definition, add the method as follows. Add the implementation using Quick Assist ( Ctrl + 1 ).

   

2. Add the following code to the method implementation read_travel_ok. This code:

   • Fills one row of the internal table read_table with (valid) values; TravelID = '110'
   • Inserts this row as mock-up data, by calling cds_test_environment->insert_test_data
   • Reads one row of zi_travel_m_000, with the same key as internal table read_table, into internal table lt_read_travel (and if appropriate, into failed and reported)
   • Finally, it runs the test on this row.
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   METHOD read_travel_ok.
     " checks that the EML statement is working with mock-up data
     " does not write to CDS entity zi_travel_m_000
   
     read_travel =  VALUE #( (   mykey = cl_system_uuid=>create_uuid_x16_static(  )
                               travel_id = '110' agency_id = agency-agency_id customer_id = customer-customer_id
                              begin_date = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 10
                              end_date   = cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) + 30
                              booking_fee    = '20'
                              currency_code  = 'EUR'
                              description = 'Travel 1'
                              overall_status = 'O' ) ).
   
     """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""                            
     " IMPORTANT - specifies entity under test = zi_travel_m_000
     """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
     cds_test_environment->insert_test_data( i_data = read_travel  ).
     READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel_m_000
     ENTITY travel ALL FIELDS WITH
        VALUE #( (  %key-mykey = read_travel[ 1 ]-mykey ) )
       RESULT DATA(lt_read_travel)
       FAILED DATA(failed)
       REPORTED DATA(reported).
     " TEST STUFF
     cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
     EXPORTING
       act                  =  lt_read_travel[ 1 ]-travel_id
       exp                  =  110
       msg                  = 'Failed to create travel instance.'
   ).
   
   ENDMETHOD.
   
   

1. Place your cursor anywhere in the editor, and choose Ctrl + Shift + F9.

   The ABAP Unit Test view appears, showing your test class and test method:

   

   There are four main commands that you will use:

   • Ctrl+Shift+F9 to get a preview of existing unit tests
   • Ctrl+Shift+F10 to execute unit tests
   • Ctrl+Shift+F11 to execute unit tests with coverage measurement
   • Ctrl+Shift+F12 to trigger the ABAP Unit launch dialog

   We will focus on executing unit tests (Ctrl+Shift+F10) here.

2. Execute the test by placing your cursor in the class editor and choosing 3 ABAP Unit Test from the context menu, or choose Ctrl + Shift + F10.

1. In the class definition, add the method create_travel_ok as follows. Add the implementation using Quick Assist ( Ctrl + 1 ).

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   create_travel_ok FOR TESTING RAISING cx_static_check.
   
   

2. Add the following code to the method implementation create_travel_ok. This code:

   • Takes the values of accepted_travel from the method setup and appends them to the internal table lt_accepted_travel (which must be of the type ZI_TRAVEL_M_000 )
   • Creates a new row for the entity ZI_TRAVEL_M_000 in the transactional buffer and passes it to mapped
   • Commits this row to the database (line 151)
   • Runs tests on this row
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   METHOD create_travel_ok.
     " Test: create a single, valid travel
     " Result: Creating travel instance is successful
     """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
     " IMPORTANT - CDS View ZI_TRAVEL_M_000 is exposed as "Travel"
     " in SD . ie SD defines entity set exposed in the OData service
     " Test runs vs OData service
     """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
   
     DATA lt_accepted_travel TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_travel_m_000\\Travel.
     APPEND CORRESPONDING #( accepted_travel ) TO lt_accepted_travel.
   
   
     """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
     "IMPORTANT - specifies entities under test = entities of *BDEF* ZI_TRAVEL_M_000
     """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
     MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel_m_000
         ENTITY Travel
           CREATE FIELDS (
                                    Agency_ID
                                    Begin_Date
                                    End_Date
                                    Booking_fee
                                    total_Price
                                    currency_Code
                                    description
                                    overall_status
                                     )
                   WITH lt_accepted_travel
               MAPPED   DATA(mapped)
               FAILED   DATA(failed)
               REPORTED DATA(reported).
     COMMIT ENTITIES.
     READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel_m_000
         ENTITY travel ALL FIELDS WITH
           VALUE #( (  %key = mapped-travel[ 1 ]-%key ) )
           RESULT DATA(lt_read_travel)
           FAILED failed
           REPORTED reported.
   
     " TEST STUFF
     cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
    EXPORTING
      act                  =  lt_read_travel[ 1 ]-travel_id
      msg                  = 'Failed to create travel id.'
   ).
     cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
     EXPORTING
       act                  =  lt_read_travel[ 1 ]-agency_id
       exp                  =  travel-agency_id
       msg                  = 'Failed to create travel instance.'
   ).
   *
   *   .
   *
     cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
       EXPORTING
         act                  = failed-travel
         msg                  = 'Failed to create travel instance.'
     ).
   *
   *
   ENDMETHOD.
   
   

3. Format, save, and activate ( Ctrl + Shift + F1, Ctrl + S, Ctrl + F3 ). See below for a complete code listing.

1. In the class definition, add the following code. (Remember to change the period in line 30 to a comma.)

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   create_travel_not_ok FOR TESTING RAISING cx_static_check,
   
   "optional unit test for validation-whether validation validate_dates is triggered or not
   "   - optional: Add break point in validate_dates method for further check
     validate_dates_not_ok FOR TESTING RAISING cx_static_check.    
   
   

2. Add implementations using Quick Assist ( Ctrl+1 ). Then add the following code to each method:

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   method create_travel_not_ok.
   " Test creating a travel with a travel_id of an already existing  travel instance
      " Result: Creating a travel with duplicate id fails
   
   *    "Insert test travel entity
   *    DATA lt_travel TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ztravel_000.
   *    APPEND CORRESPONDING #( travel ) TO lt_travel.
   *
   *    "Insert the test data into double
   *    cds_test_environment->insert_test_data( i_data = lt_travel ).
   
   DATA lt_rejected_travel TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_travel_m_000\\Travel.
      APPEND CORRESPONDING #( rejected_travel ) TO lt_rejected_travel.
   
   *    ""Create test data to create a travel with  duplicate id
   *    DATA lt_create_travel TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_travel_m_000\\travel.
   *
   *    lt_create_travel = VALUE #( ( travel_id = travel-travel_id
   *                                  agency_id = agency-agency_id
   *                                  begin_date = begin_date
   *                                  end_date = end_date
   *                                  description = 'Travel 2'
   *                                  booking_fee    = '10.5'
   *                                  currency_code  = 'USD'
   *                                  overall_status = 'O' ) ). " Open
   
      " Try to create travel entity with invalid agency_id
      MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel_m_000
           ENTITY travel
              CREATE FIELDS (    travel_id
                                 agency_id
                                 begin_date
                                 end_date
                                 booking_fee
                                 total_price
                                 currency_code
                                 description
                                 overall_status )
                WITH lt_rejected_travel
            MAPPED   DATA(mapped)
            FAILED   DATA(failed)
            REPORTED DATA(reported).
   commit ENTITIES RESPONSE OF zi_travel_m_000 REPORTED data(lt_travel_reported)
   failed data(lt_travel_failed).
      cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial( lt_travel_failed ).
   endmethod.
   
   

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   METHOD validate_dates_not_ok.
     " Test if the begin and end dates provided for travel are valid.
     " Create/Update operation should fail if invalid begin and end dates are provided (begin_data > end_date)
   
     DATA lt_create_date_not_ok TYPE TABLE FOR CREATE zi_travel_m_000\\travel. "begin date > end date
   
     APPEND CORRESPONDING #( travel_w_invalid_dates ) TO lt_create_date_not_ok.
   
   
     " Create travel with invalid dates
     MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel_m_000
          ENTITY travel
             CREATE FIELDS (
   *             travel_id
                                agency_id
                                booking_fee
                                currency_code
                                overall_status
                                begin_date
                                end_date
                                 )
               WITH lt_create_date_not_ok
           MAPPED   DATA(lt_mapped)
           FAILED   DATA(lt_failed)
           REPORTED DATA(lt_reported).
   
     COMMIT ENTITIES.
     cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial( act = sy-subrc ). " Creating a travel with invalid dates failed.
   
   ENDMETHOD.
   

You can check that the correct values have been passed to, for example, an internal table using the ABAP Debugger.

1. In the method validate_dates_not_ok, set a breakpoint at line 242, MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel_m_000, by selecting the line numbering and choosing Toggle breakpoint from the context menu (or by double-clicking the line number).

   

2. Now run the unit tests again ( Ctrl+Shift+F10 ). In the dialog,choose Yes. The Debugger perspective appears.

   

3. Choose the Variables tab and step through the method (**F5**).

   

   For example, you can see the values in static attribute lt_create_date_not_ok, which are passed to me, the current instance of cds_test_environment.

   
   

4. Choose Terminate from the tool bar, go back to the ABAP perspective, and remove the breakpoint.

5. The ABAP Unit tab will report an error, because you terminated execution, but if you run the test again, the error will disappear.