Create an ABAP Table Type

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Create an ABAP Table Type

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Create an ABAP Table Type

Julie Plummer

04/03/2019

Beginner

20 min.

Create a table type and use it to retrieve data from a database table.

You will learn

How to create and edit a table type for an internal table in the new, form-based Table Types editor
How to use this table type to retrieve data from a database table

Table types can also be defined in, for example, an ABAP program or class. The differences between the two approaches include:
- Table types in the ABAP Data Dictionary are maintained in a form-based editor, table types in ABAP in a text-based editor
- Table types can only be used by other Dictionary types if they are defined in the Data Dictionary
- Table types in the Dictionary are stand-alone objects, whereas table types in ABAP are always part of another Repository object

Step 1: Create a table type

Select your ABAP Cloud Project and choose New > Other ABAP Repository Object > Dictionary > Table Type.
Enter a name and description and choose Next.
Create or assign a transport request and choose Finish.

The table type appears in a new editor:

Done

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Step 2: Define a type

Choose the category Dictionary Type For the type name, choose the database table you created in a previous tutorial, for example Z_BOOKING_XXX (replacing XXX with your group number or initials).

Note that, in the ABAP Environment, you can only work with whitelisted objects. The majority of tables you might expect, such as SFLIGHT are not whitelisted. For a complete list of whitelisted objects, see the folder Released Objects. To sort objects by object type, not package, use a Duplicate Tree:

Done

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Step 3: Define a primary key

You cannot define your own primary key for a standard table. First, change the access type to Sorted Table.
Change the Primary Key type to Key Components.
You can now choose the key fields from a drop-down list, by choosing Auto-complete (Ctrl+Space).
Choose each key field in turn:

This is for test purposes only. The access type you choose in real life affects performance. For more information, see:

Done

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Step 4: Define a secondary key

Users may want to query a database table using something other than the primary key. To enable this, create a secondary key.

First, select Secondary Key and choose Create… from the context menu:
Enter a name and choose the component(s) (or fields):

The keys are listed on the left:

Image depicting step4c-keys-list

Done

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Step 5: Create an ABAP class

Finally, you will test your table type by using it to:

define an internal table
get database data into this table
output the table content to the console

First create the ABAP Class, by selecting your package and choosing New > ABAP Class from the context menu:
Enter a name, such as Z_OUTPUT_BOOKINGS_XXX and description for your class (replacing XXX with your group number or initials).
Assign a transport request and choose Finish.

The class appears in a new editor.

Done

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Step 6: Add an interface

View Full Instructions

Add the following interface to your class:

 interfaces if_oo_adt_classrun.

This interface provides a light-weight solution for executing an ABAP program without launching a full user interface.
It also lets you display text or data in the Console View.

Done

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Step 7: Implement the method

View Full Instructions

Add the following code, remembering to rename the table type and database table to your own (for example, replacing XXX with your group number or initials).
Then save and activate your class using Ctrl+S, Ctrl+F3.

METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
   DATA:
       lt_bookings type Z_BOOKING_XXX.

select * from zjp_bookings
into table @lt_bookings.
out->write( EXPORTING data = lt_bookings
            name = 'Bookings:' ).
ENDMETHOD.

This method simply selects all the fields from your database table (here, zjp_bookings) into the internal table whose type is defined by the table type you created.

Done

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Step 8: Check your code

View Full Instructions

The complete class should look like this:

class ZJP_OUTPUT_BOOKINGS definition
  public
  final
  create public .

public section.
 interfaces if_oo_adt_classrun.
protected section.
private section.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS Z_OUTPUT_BOOKINGS_XXX IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
    DATA:
        lt_bookings type z_booking_xxx.

select * from zjp_bookings
into table @lt_bookings.
out->write( EXPORTING data = lt_bookings
             name = 'Bookings:' ).

 ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Done

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Step 9: Test your class

Run your class in the console by choosing F9. Your output should look like this:

Image depicting step9-console

Done

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Step 10: Test yourself

Which access type(s) support primary keys defined by key components? Choose all that apply. Hashed table Index table Sorted table Standard table

Next Steps

Prerequisites

You have a sub-account with the entitlement SAP Cloud Platform, ABAP environment, release 1902 or higher. For more details, see Getting Started with a Customer Account: Workflow in the ABAP Environment.
You have installed ABAP Development Tools 3.0.
You have created an ABAP Cloud Project pointing to this ABAP environment. For more details, see Connect to the ABAP System.
Tutorial: Create a Simple Database Table for ABAP Environment

Navigate tutorial steps

Step 1: Create a table type
Step 2: Define a type
Step 3: Define a primary key
Step 4: Define a secondary key
Step 5: Create an ABAP class
Step 6: Add an interface
Step 7: Implement the method
Step 8: Check your code
Step 9: Test your class
Step 10: Test yourself
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Create an ABAP Table Type

Create an ABAP Table Type

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Prerequisites

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